patina metal!

patina metal

Comprehensive Analysis

1) "Patina" -- As to patina metal paˇtiˇna Pronunciation: p&-'tE-n&, 'pa-t&-n& Function: noun Inflected Form(s): plural paˇtiˇnas /-n&z /; or paˇtiˇnae /-"nE, -"nI/ Etymology: Italian, from Latin, shallow dish -- more at PATEN 1 a : a usually green film formed naturally on copper and bronze by long exposure or artificially (as by acids) and often valued aesthetically for its color b : a surface appearance of something grown beautiful especially with age or use 2 : an appearance or aura that is derived from association, habit, or established character 3 : a superficial covering or exterior Pronunciation Symbols A bronze coin of the Han Dynasty - circa 1st century BC with green patina. Patina is a chemical compound formed on the surface of metal. Patinas form on metal from exposure to the elements. They are often deliberately added by artists and metalworkers. Patinas may be used to 'antique' objects, as a part of the design or decoration of art and furniture. Patinas are restricted to exposed surfaces and can flake off. One reason bronze is so highly valued in statuary is that its patina protects it against further corrosion. This natural patina seldom shows a tendency to flake. Brass is also resistant to corrosion, but it is, in the long run, not as attractive since local pitting shows against the shiny background. Figuratively, patina can refer to any fading, darkening or other signs of age, which are felt to be natural and/or unavoidable. The chemical process by which a patina forms is called patination, and a work of art coated by a patina is said to be patinated. One example of a patina is a green surface texture created by slow chemical alteration of copper, producing a basic carbonate. It can form on pure copper objects as well as alloys which contain copper, such as bronze or brass. The Statue of Liberty gets its green color from the natural patina formed on its copper surface. A wide range of chemicals, both household and commercial, can give a variety of patinas. They are often used by artists as surface embellishments either for color, texture, or both. Patination composition varies with the reacted elements and these will determine the color of the patina. Exposure to chlorides leads to green, while sulfur compounds (such as "liver of sulfur") tend to brown. For artworks patination is deliberately accellerated by heat. Colors range from matte sandstone yellow to deep blues, reds and various blacks, sometimes with the surface sheen enhanced by waxing for artwork displayed indoors. Patina is also found on slip rings and commutators. This type of patina is formed by corrosion, what elements the air might hold, residue from the wear of the carbon br..." 2) "Metal" -- As to patina metal 1metˇal Pronunciation: 'me-t&l Function: noun Usage: often attributive Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin metallum mine, metal, from Greek metallon 1 : any of various opaque, fusible, ductile, and typically lustrous substances that are good conductors of electricity and heat, form cations by loss of electrons, and yield basic oxides and hydroxides; especially : one that is a chemical element as distinguished from an alloy 2 a : METTLE 1a b : the substance out of which a person or thing is made 3 : glass in its molten state 4 a : printing type metal b : matter set in metal type 5 : ROAD METAL 6 : HEAVY METAL Pronunciation Symbols Hot metal work from a blacksmith In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily forms positive ions (cations) and has metallic bonds. Metals are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalized electrons. The metals are one of the three groups of elements as distinguished by their ionization and bonding properties, along with the metalloids and nonmetals. On the periodic table, a diagonal line drawn from boron (B) to polonium (Po) separates the metals from the nonmetals. Most elements on this line are metalloids, sometimes called semi-metals; elements to the lower left are metals; elements to the upper right are nonmetals. A modern definition of metals is that they have overlapping conduction bands and valence bands in their electronic structure. This definition opens up the category for metallic polymers and other organic metals, which have been made by researchers and employed in high-tech devices. These synthetic materials often have the characteristic silvery-grey reflectiveness (luster) of elemental metals. The traditional definition focuses on the bulk properties of metals. They tend to be lustrous, ductile, malleable, and good conductors of electricity, while nonmetals are generally brittle (if solid), lack luster, and are insulators. 1 Chemical properties 2 Physical properties 3 Alloys 4 Categories 4.1 Base metal 4.2 Ferrous metal 4.3 Noble metal 4.4 Precious metal 5 Extraction 6 Metallurgy 7 Applications 8 Astronomy 9 See also 10 External link Most metals are chemically reactive, reacting with oxygen in the air to form oxides over varying timescales (for..." 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